Engine Maintenance and Modification
Bradley Artigue
1
st Edition
FIAT 124 Spider
Engine Maintenance + Modification
3
Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................5
2. Concepts............................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 The Otto Cycle .............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Lambda ........................................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Carburetor ....................................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Fuel Injection (FI or EFI) ...............................................................................................................................7
2.5 Compression Ratio (CR)...............................................................................................................................7
2.6 Home Mechanic...........................................................................................................................................8
2.7 Shop Manuals and Guides ...........................................................................................................................8
3. Engine Identification ........................................................................................................................................9
4. Carburetion .....................................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Understanding Carburetors........................................................................................................................11
4.2 Air Bleed Correction...................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Idle Speed Control .....................................................................................................................................13
4.4 Transition....................................................................................................................................................13
4.5 Acceleration Pump.....................................................................................................................................14
4.6 Cold Starting...............................................................................................................................................15
4.7 Multi-Barrel Synchronization ......................................................................................................................16
4.8 Carburetor Identification and Schematics ..................................................................................................18
4.9 Carburetor Tuning ......................................................................................................................................35
4.10 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................36
5. Fuel Injection...................................................................................................................................................38
5.1 Fuel injection Basics ..................................................................................................................................39
5.2 The Air Flow Meter and Fuel Pump ...........................................................................................................40
5.3 Cold Starting Components.........................................................................................................................41
5.4 Warm-Up Components ..............................................................................................................................42
5.5 Idle Speed Control Components................................................................................................................42
5.6 Cruising, Accelerating, and Deceleration Modes .......................................................................................43
5.7 The Oxygen Sensor ...................................................................................................................................44
5.8 Other Components ....................................................................................................................................44
5.9 Component Reference...............................................................................................................................45
5.10 Fuel Injection Tuning................................................................................................................................48
5.11 Fuel Injection System Electrical Diagrams...............................................................................................50
5.12 Fuel Injection System Part Numbers .......................................................................................................53
5.13 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.....
Welcome to my guide on FIAT 124 Spider engine maintenance and modification.
Spiders are great cars, born in the mid 1960's when sports cars were fun to drive,
affordable, and easy to work on. They remain a hobbyists’ dream. In 2002 I started to
compile the various pieces of knowledge I obtained over the years into guides, first on
carburetion and intake/exhaust systems, then, in 2004, a guide (more like a pamphlet) on
fuel injection. I revised both guides over the years and finally compiled everything into
this single document. My goal is to help you enjoy your FIAT as much as I enjoy mine.
Acknowledgements and great thanks to…
Jennifer Artigue, who has always supported (or tolerated) my obsession with
these cars;
Richard Ridge reviewed this guide several times throughout its development and
has been instrumental in reviewing my other works as well;
Eli Caul maintains Mirafiori, the FIAT page (www.mirafiori.com) and has worked
tirelessly in his support of the FIAT community;
Andrew Artigue disassembled, rebuilt, restored, and drove many Spiders with
me throughout the last ten or so years;
Troy McKaskle performed the final edits on the document and allowed his cars
to be as test cases long before any of us claimed to know what we were doing;
Pete Angel supplied diagrams and suggestions and reviewed sections of this
document throughout its development;
and Mike Richmond and Thad Kirk who wrote or reviewed sections of my
previous works, much of which was brought over to this document.
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